Chapter 10: Polar Coordinates and Complex Numbers

• $\mathbf{\text{Polar Coordinates}}$
• $\mathbf{\text{Polar Graphs}}$
• $\mathbf{\text{Complex Numbers}}$
• $$\mathbf{\text{Polar Form for Complex Numbers}}$$

The picture on the left below is a photo of a fern leaf. The picture on the right is a computer-generated image called the Barnsley fern. It is named after the British mathematician Michael Barnsley, who developed it in the 1980's.

The Barnsley fern is an example of a fractal. A fractal is an infinitely complex pattern created by iteration: repeating a process over and over in an ongoing feedback loop. You can watch a Barnsley fern being created at

$$\text{https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iGMGVpLMtMs}$$