5.4 Solve Equations with Decimals

Determine Whether a Decimal is a Solution of an Equation

Solving equations with decimals is important in our everyday lives because money is usually written with decimals. When applications involve money, such as shopping for yourself, making your family’s budget, or planning for the future of your business, you’ll be solving equations with decimals.

Now that we’ve worked with decimals, we are ready to find solutions to equations involving decimals. The steps we take to determine whether a number is a solution to an equation are the same whether the solution is a whole number, an integer, a fraction, or a decimal. We’ll list these steps here again for easy reference.

Example 1

Determine whether each of the following is a solution of $x - 0.7 = 1.5 :$

ⓐ $x equals 1$ ⓑ $x equals −0.8$ ⓒ $x equals 2.2$

ⓐ


Subtract.

Since $x equals 1$ does not result in a true equation, $1$ is not a solution to the equation.

ⓑ


Subtract.

Since $x equals −0.8$ does not result in a true equation, $−0.8$ is not a solution to the equation.

ⓒ


Subtract.

Since $x equals 2.2$ results in a true equation, $2.2$ is a solution to the equation.

Solve Equations with Decimals

In previous chapters, we solved equations using the Properties of Equality. We will use these same properties to solve equations with decimals.

Note

Properties of Equality

Subtraction Property of Equality For any numbers $a, b, and c,$ If $a = b,$ then $a - c = b - c .$	Addition Property of Equality For any numbers $a, b, and c,$ If $a = b,$ then $a + c = b + c .$
The Division Property of Equality For any numbers $a, b, and c, and c not equal to 0$ If $a = b,$ then $\frac{a}{c} = \frac{b}{c}$	The Multiplication Property of Equality For any numbers $a, b, and c,$ If $a = b,$ then $a c = b c$

When you add, subtract, multiply or divide the same quantity from both sides of an equation, you still have equality.

Translate to an Equation and Solve

Now that we have solved equations with decimals, we are ready to translate word sentences to equations and solve. Remember to look for words and phrases that indicate the operations to use.

Key Concepts

Determine whether a number is a solution to an equation.
- Substitute the number for the variable in the equation.
- Simplify the expressions on both sides of the equation.
- Determine whether the resulting equation is true.
  If so, the number is a solution.
  If not, the number is not a solution.
Properties of Equality

**Table 5.6**
Subtraction Property of Equality	Addition Property of Equality
For any numbers $a$ , $b$ , and $c$ , $\begin{matrix} If & a & = & b \\ then & a - c & = & b - c \end{matrix}$	For any numbers $a$ , $b$ , and $c$ , $\begin{matrix} If & a & = & b \\ then & a + c & = & b + c \end{matrix}$
Division of Property of Equality	Multiplication Property of Equality
For any numbers $a$ , $b$ , and $c not equal to 0$ , $\begin{matrix} If & a & = & b \\ then & \frac{a}{c} & = & \frac{b}{c} \end{matrix}$	For any numbers $a$ , $b$ , and $c$ , $\begin{matrix} If & a & = & b \\ then & a \cdot c & = & b \cdot c \end{matrix}$

Practice Makes Perfect

Determine Whether a Decimal is a Solution of an Equation

In the following exercises, determine whether each number is a solution of the given equation.

$x - 0.8 = 2.3$
ⓐ $x equals 2$ ⓑ $x equals −1.5$ ⓒ $x equals 3.1$

ⓐ no
ⓑ no
ⓒ yes

$y + 0.6 = −3.4$
ⓐ $y equals −4$ ⓑ $y equals −2.8$ ⓒ $y equals 2.6$

$\frac{h}{1.5} = −4.3$
ⓐ $h equals 6.45$ ⓑ $h equals −6.45$ ⓒ $h equals −2.1$

ⓐ no
ⓑ yes
ⓒ no

$0.75 k equals −3.6$
ⓐ $k equals −0.48$ ⓑ $k equals −4.8$ ⓒ $k equals −2.7$

Solve Equations with Decimals

In the following exercises, solve the equation.

$y + 2.9 = 5.7$

y = 2.8

$m + 4.6 = 6.5$

$f + 3.45 = 2.6$

f = −0.85

$h + 4.37 = 3.5$

$a + 6.2 = −1.7$

a = −7.9

$b + 5.8 = −2.3$

$c + 1.15 = −3.5$

c = −4.65

$d + 2.35 = −4.8$

$n - 2.6 = 1.8$

n = 4.4

$p - 3.6 = 1.7$

$x - 0.4 = −3.9$

x = −3.5

$y - 0.6 = −4.5$

$j - 1.82 = −6.5$

j = −4.68

$k - 3.19 = −4.6$

$m - 0.25 = −1.67$

m = −1.42

$q - 0.47 = −1.53$

$0.5 x equals 3.5$

x = 7

$0.4 p equals 9.2$

$−1.7 c equals 8.5$

c = −5

$−2.9 x equals 5.8$

$−1.4 p equals −4.2$

p = 3

$−2.8 m equals −8.4$

$−120 equals 1.5 q$

q = −80

$−75 equals 1.5 y$

$0.24 x equals 4.8$

x = 20

$0.18 n equals 5.4$

$−3.4 z equals −9.18$

z = 2.7

$−2.7 u equals −9.72$

$\frac{a}{0.4} = −20$

a = −8

$\frac{b}{0.3} = −9$

$\frac{x}{0.7} = −0.4$

x = −0.28

$\frac{y}{0.8} = −0.7$

$\frac{p}{- 5} = −1.65$

p = 8.25

$\frac{q}{- 4} = −5.92$

$\frac{r}{- 1.2} = −6$

r = 7.2

$\frac{s}{- 1.5} = −3$

Mixed Practice

In the following exercises, solve the equation. Then check your solution.

$x - 5 = −11$

x = −6

$- \frac{2}{5} = x + \frac{3}{4}$

$p + 8 = −2$

p = −10

$p + \frac{2}{3} = \frac{1}{12}$

$−4.2 m equals −33.6$

m = 8

$q + 9.5 = −14$

$q + \frac{5}{6} = \frac{1}{12}$

$q = - \frac{3}{4}$

$\frac{8.6}{15} = - d$

$\frac{7}{8} m = \frac{1}{10}$

$m = \frac{4}{35}$

$\frac{j}{- 6.2} = −3$

$- \frac{2}{3} = y + \frac{3}{8}$

$y = - \frac{25}{24}$

$s - 1.75 = −3.2$

$\frac{11}{20} = - f$

$f = - \frac{11}{20}$

$−3.6 b equals 2.52$

$−4.2 a equals 3.36$

a = −0.8

$−9.1 n equals −63.7$

$r - 1.25 = −2.7$

r = −1.45

$\frac{1}{4} n = \frac{7}{10}$

$\frac{h}{- 3} = −8$

h = 24

$y - 7.82 = −16$

Translate to an Equation and Solve

In the following exercises, translate and solve.

The difference of $n$ and $1.9$ is $3.4 .$

$n - 1.9 = 3.4; 5.3$

The difference $n$ and $1.5$ is $0.8 .$

The product of $−6.2$ and $x$ is $−4.96.$

−6.2x = −4.96; 0.8

The product of $−4.6$ and $x$ is $−3.22.$

The quotient of $y$ and $−1.7$ is $−5.$

$\frac{y}{- 1.7} = −5; 8.5$

The quotient of $z$ and $−3.6$ is $3 .$

The sum of $n$ and $−7.3$ is $2.4.$

n + (−7.3) = 2.4; 9.7

The sum of $n$ and $−5.1$ is $3.8 .$

Everyday Math

Shawn bought a pair of shoes on sale for $$78$ . Solve the equation $0.75 p equals 78$ to find the original price of the shoes, $p .$

$104

Mary bought a new refrigerator. The total price including sales tax was $$1,350.$ Find the retail price, $r,$ of the refrigerator before tax by solving the equation $1.08 r equals 1,350.$

Writing Exercises

Think about solving the equation $1.2 y equals 60,$ but do not actually solve it. Do you think the solution should be greater than $60$ or less than $60 ?$ Explain your reasoning. Then solve the equation to see if your thinking was correct.

Answers will vary.

Think about solving the equation $0.8 x equals 200,$ but do not actually solve it. Do you think the solution should be greater than $200$ or less than $200 ?$ Explain your reasoning. Then solve the equation to see if your thinking was correct.

Self Check

ⓐ After completing the exercises, use this checklist to evaluate your mastery of the objectives of this section.

A self-assessment chart for math skills related to decimals and equations. It lists three skills: determining if a decimal is a solution, solving equations with decimals, and translating to an equation and solving. — **Figure 5.10**

ⓑ On a scale of 1–10, how would you rate your mastery of this section in light of your responses on the checklist? How can you improve this?