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📚 Answering Questions with Data
Chapters ▾
0 Preface1 Why Statistics?2 Describing Data3 Correlation4 Probability, Sampling, and Estimation5 Foundations for inference6 t-tests7 ANOVA8 Repeated Measures ANOVA9 Factorial ANOVA10 More On Factorial Designs11 Simulating Data12 Thinking about answering questions with data13 GIFs14 References

9.3 Graphing the means

In our example above we showed you two bar graphs of the very same means for our 2x2 design. Even though the graphs plot identical means, they look different, so they are more or less easy to interpret by looking at them. Results from 2x2 designs are also often plotted with line graphs. Those look different too. There are four different graphs in Figure 9.7, using bars and lines to plot the very same means from before. We are showing you this so that you realize how you graph your data matters because it makes it more or less easy for people to understand the results. Also, how the data is plotted matters for what you need to look at to interpret the results.

Four panels plotting the same four condition means of the 2x2 design, as bar graphs on top and line graphs below, with the left column putting Reward on the x-axis and the right column putting Distraction on the x-axis. All four show the identical means (5, 9, 10, and 11 spotted) arranged differently.
Figure 9.7: same example means plotted using bar graphs or line graphs, and with Distraction or Reward on the x-axis

Adapted from Answering Questions with Data: Introductory Statistics for Psychology Students, by Matthew J. C. Crump (Brooklyn College of CUNY), crumplab.com/statistics, licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0. Portions adapt Danielle Navarro's Learning Statistics with R (CC BY-SA). Changes were made; this adaptation is distributed under the same license. License: CC-BY-SA-4.0.