#set document(title: "2.10 Dot Plots", author: "OpenStax") #set page(width: 8.5in, height: auto, margin: 1in) #import "@preview/cetz:0.5.2" #set text(font: ("STIX Two Text", "Libertinus Serif", "New Computer Modern"), size: 10.5pt, lang: "en") #show math.equation: set text(font: ("STIX Two Math", "New Computer Modern Math")) #set par(justify: true, leading: 0.62em, spacing: 0.9em) #set enum(spacing: 1.1em) // room between list items so tall inline fractions don't collide #set list(spacing: 1.1em) #set table(stroke: 0.5pt + rgb("#c7ccd3")) #let BLUE = rgb("#183B6F") // brand navy — section bars + example/solution labels (white on navy 11.09:1) #let ORANGE = rgb("#A94509") // brand primary-700 — AA-safe deep orange for TEXT (5.93:1 on white; raw brand #F37021 is 2.94:1 and must never carry text) #let RED = rgb("#DC2626") // brand error-600 #let GREEN = rgb("#059669") // brand success-600 (decoration only; small green text uses green-text #007942) #show heading.where(level: 1): it => block(width: 100%, above: 0pt, below: 16pt, fill: gradient.linear(BLUE, rgb("#2C5AA0")), inset: (x: 14pt, y: 12pt), radius: 3pt, text(fill: white, weight: "bold", size: 19pt, it.body)) #show heading.where(level: 2): it => block(width: 100%, above: 18pt, below: 10pt, fill: BLUE, inset: (x: 10pt, y: 6pt), radius: 2pt, text(fill: white, weight: "bold", size: 12pt, it.body)) #show heading.where(level: 3): it => text(fill: ORANGE, weight: "bold", size: 12.5pt, it.body) #show heading.where(level: 4): it => text(fill: BLUE, weight: "bold", size: 10.5pt, it.body) #let examplebox(label, title, body) = block(width: 100%, breakable: true, fill: rgb("#EFF1F5"), stroke: 0.5pt + rgb("#CFDDF0"), radius: 4pt, inset: 10pt, above: 12pt, below: 12pt)[ #block(below: 6pt)[#box(fill: BLUE, inset: (x: 6pt, y: 2pt), radius: 2pt, text(fill: white, weight: "bold", size: 8.5pt, label)) #h(0.4em) #strong[#title]] #body] // rail = decorative left rule (raw brand token); labelcolor = AA-safe label text shade #let notebox(label, rail, labelcolor, tint, body) = block(width: 100%, breakable: true, fill: tint, stroke: (left: 3pt + rail), inset: (left: 10pt, rest: 8pt), radius: (right: 4pt), above: 11pt, below: 11pt)[ #text(fill: labelcolor, weight: "bold", size: 7.5pt, tracking: 0.5pt)[#upper(label)] #linebreak() #body] #let solutionbox(body) = block(above: 4pt, below: 8pt)[ #text(fill: BLUE, weight: "bold", size: 8.5pt)[Solution] #linebreak() #body] #let figph(msg) = block(width: 100%, height: 60pt, fill: rgb("#f6f7f9"), stroke: (paint: rgb("#c7ccd3"), dash: "dashed"), radius: 4pt, inset: 10pt)[ #align(center + horizon, text(fill: rgb("#889"), style: "italic", size: 9pt, msg))] // Standardize inlined figure sizes: measure the natural CeTZ canvas, then scale to a // consistent envelope (aspect-aware; see build_typst.py FIG_* constants). Unlike the // print preamble, dimensions are FLOORED: in an editor a user can trim a figure to a // degenerate 1-D shape (a bare line), and w/h or tw/w would then divide by zero. #let _STD_W = 3.5 #let _WIDE_W = 5.6 #let _MAX_H = 3.4 #let _ASPECT_WIDE = 2.2 #let _UPSCALE_MAX = 1.15 #let stdfig(body) = context { let m = measure(body) let w = calc.max(m.width / 1in, 0.01) let h = calc.max(m.height / 1in, 0.01) let tw = if w / h > _ASPECT_WIDE { _WIDE_W } else { _STD_W } let s = calc.min(tw / w, _MAX_H / h, _UPSCALE_MAX) align(center, box(scale(x: s * 100%, y: s * 100%, reflow: true, body))) } #show figure: set block(breakable: false) #set figure(gap: 8pt) #show figure.caption: set text(size: 8.5pt, fill: rgb("#555")) == 2.10#h(0.6em)Dot Plots #notebox("Note", rgb("#8a94a6"), rgb("#556666"), rgb("#f7f8fa"))[ #emph[Prerequisites] Bar Charts #linebreak() #linebreak() ] #notebox("Note", rgb("#8a94a6"), rgb("#556666"), rgb("#f7f8fa"))[ #emph[Learning Objectives] + Create and interpret dot plots + Judge whether a dot plot would be appropriate for a given data set ] Dot plots can be used to display various types of information. Figure 1 uses a dot plot to display the number of M & M's of each color found in a bag of M & M's. Each dot represents a single M & M. From the figure, you can see that there were 3 blue M & M's, 19 brown M & M's, etc. #figure(figph[Dot plot of the colors of 55 M&M candies in one bag: stacks of circles for Blue (3), Brown (19), Green (9), Red (3), Orange (14), and Yellow (7).], alt: "Dot plot of the colors of 55 M&M candies in one bag: stacks of circles for Blue (3), Brown (19), Green (9), Red (3), Orange (14), and Yellow (7).", caption: [Figure 1. A dot plot showing the number of M & M's of various colors in a bag of M & M's.]) The dot plot in Figure 2 shows the number of people playing various card games on the Yahoo website on a Wednesday. Unlike Figure 1, the location rather than the number of dots represents the frequency. #figure(figph[Dot plot of the number of people playing each card game on Wednesday, one dot per game on dotted leader lines, ordered from Poker (about 700) at the bottom to Spades (about 7,200) at the top.], alt: "Dot plot of the number of people playing each card game on Wednesday, one dot per game on dotted leader lines, ordered from Poker (about 700) at the bottom to Spades (about 7,200) at the top.", caption: [Figure 2. A dot plot showing the number of people playing various card games on a Wednesday.]) The dot plot in Figure 3 shows the number of people playing on a Sunday and on a Wednesday. This graph makes it easy to compare the popularity of the games separately for the two days, but does not make it easy to compare the popularity of a given game on the two days. #figure(figph[Two stacked dot plots of players per game, Sunday above and Wednesday below, each ordered from Poker (about 700) to Spades (about 7,000) — comparing the days requires looking back and forth between the panels.], alt: "Two stacked dot plots of players per game, Sunday above and Wednesday below, each ordered from Poker (about 700) to Spades (about 7,000) — comparing the days requires looking back and forth between the panels.", caption: [Figure 3. A dot plot showing the number of people playing various card games on a Sunday and on a Wednesday.]) #figure(figph[Single dot plot of players per game with Sunday shown as filled circles and Wednesday as open circles on the same lines: Wednesday values sit slightly to the right (higher) for most games, such as Spades about 7,200 versus 6,700.], alt: "Single dot plot of players per game with Sunday shown as filled circles and Wednesday as open circles on the same lines: Wednesday values sit slightly to the right (higher) for most games, such as Spades about 7,200 versus 6,700.", caption: [Figure 4. An alternate way of showing the number of people playing various card games on a Sunday and on a Wednesday.]) The dot plot in Figure 4 makes it easy to compare the days of the week for specific games while still portraying differences among games.