#set document(title: "1.5 Number basics", author: "OpenStax / XYZ Homework") #set page(width: 8.5in, height: auto, margin: 1in) #import "@preview/cetz:0.5.2" #set text(font: ("STIX Two Text", "Libertinus Serif", "New Computer Modern"), size: 10.5pt, lang: "en") #show math.equation: set text(font: ("STIX Two Math", "New Computer Modern Math")) #set par(justify: true, leading: 0.62em, spacing: 0.9em) #set enum(spacing: 1.1em) // room between list items so tall inline fractions don't collide #set list(spacing: 1.1em) #set table(stroke: 0.5pt + rgb("#c7ccd3")) #let BLUE = rgb("#183B6F") // brand navy — section bars + example/solution labels (white on navy 11.09:1) #let ORANGE = rgb("#A94509") // brand primary-700 — AA-safe deep orange for TEXT (5.93:1 on white; raw brand #F37021 is 2.94:1 and must never carry text) #let RED = rgb("#DC2626") // brand error-600 #let GREEN = rgb("#059669") // brand success-600 (decoration only; small green text uses green-text #007942) #show heading.where(level: 1): it => block(width: 100%, above: 0pt, below: 16pt, fill: gradient.linear(BLUE, rgb("#2C5AA0")), inset: (x: 14pt, y: 12pt), radius: 3pt, text(fill: white, weight: "bold", size: 19pt, it.body)) #show heading.where(level: 2): it => block(width: 100%, above: 18pt, below: 10pt, fill: BLUE, inset: (x: 10pt, y: 6pt), radius: 2pt, text(fill: white, weight: "bold", size: 12pt, it.body)) #show heading.where(level: 3): it => text(fill: ORANGE, weight: "bold", size: 12.5pt, it.body) #show heading.where(level: 4): it => text(fill: BLUE, weight: "bold", size: 10.5pt, it.body) #let examplebox(label, title, body) = block(width: 100%, breakable: true, fill: rgb("#EFF1F5"), stroke: 0.5pt + rgb("#CFDDF0"), radius: 4pt, inset: 10pt, above: 12pt, below: 12pt)[ #block(below: 6pt)[#box(fill: BLUE, inset: (x: 6pt, y: 2pt), radius: 2pt, text(fill: white, weight: "bold", size: 8.5pt, label)) #h(0.4em) #strong[#title]] #body] // rail = decorative left rule (raw brand token); labelcolor = AA-safe label text shade #let notebox(label, rail, labelcolor, tint, body) = block(width: 100%, breakable: true, fill: tint, stroke: (left: 3pt + rail), inset: (left: 10pt, rest: 8pt), radius: (right: 4pt), above: 11pt, below: 11pt)[ #text(fill: labelcolor, weight: "bold", size: 7.5pt, tracking: 0.5pt)[#upper(label)] #linebreak() #body] #let solutionbox(body) = block(above: 4pt, below: 8pt)[ #text(fill: BLUE, weight: "bold", size: 8.5pt)[Solution] #linebreak() #body] #let figph(msg) = block(width: 100%, height: 60pt, fill: rgb("#f6f7f9"), stroke: (paint: rgb("#c7ccd3"), dash: "dashed"), radius: 4pt, inset: 10pt)[ #align(center + horizon, text(fill: rgb("#889"), style: "italic", size: 9pt, msg))] // Standardize inlined figure sizes: measure the natural CeTZ canvas, then scale to a // consistent envelope (aspect-aware; see build_typst.py FIG_* constants). Unlike the // print preamble, dimensions are FLOORED: in an editor a user can trim a figure to a // degenerate 1-D shape (a bare line), and w/h or tw/w would then divide by zero. #let _STD_W = 3.5 #let _WIDE_W = 5.6 #let _MAX_H = 3.4 #let _ASPECT_WIDE = 2.2 #let _UPSCALE_MAX = 1.15 #let stdfig(body) = context { let m = measure(body) let w = calc.max(m.width / 1in, 0.01) let h = calc.max(m.height / 1in, 0.01) let tw = if w / h > _ASPECT_WIDE { _WIDE_W } else { _STD_W } let s = calc.min(tw / w, _MAX_H / h, _UPSCALE_MAX) align(center, box(scale(x: s * 100%, y: s * 100%, reflow: true, body))) } #show figure: set block(breakable: false) #set figure(gap: 8pt) #show figure.caption: set text(size: 8.5pt, fill: rgb("#555")) == 1.5#h(0.6em)Number basics === Learning objectives By the end of this section you should be able to - Use arithmetic operators to perform calculations. - Explain the precedence of arithmetic operators. === Numeric data types Python supports two basic number formats, integer and floating-point. An integer represents a whole number, and a floating-point format represents a decimal number. The format a language uses to represent data is called a #strong[data type]. In addition to integer and floating-point types, programming languages typically have a string type for representing text. #notebox("Note", rgb("#8a94a6"), rgb("#556666"), rgb("#f7f8fa"))[ #emph[Integer and floating-point] #link("https://www.openstax.org/r/integer-and-floating-point")[Integer and floating point; ch 1, video 8] ] #notebox("Note", rgb("#8a94a6"), rgb("#556666"), rgb("#f7f8fa"))[ #emph[Integers, floats, and strings] Assume that x = 1, y = 2.0, and s = "32". ] === Basic arithmetic #strong[Arithmetic operators] are used to perform mathematical operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. Four basic arithmetic operators exist in Python: + Addition (+) + Subtraction (-) + Multiplication (\*) + Division (/) #notebox("Note", rgb("#8a94a6"), rgb("#556666"), rgb("#f7f8fa"))[ #emph[Examples of arithmetic operators] #link("https://www.openstax.org/r/arithmetic-operators")[Examples of arithmetic operators; ch 1, video 9] ] #notebox("Note", rgb("#8a94a6"), rgb("#556666"), rgb("#f7f8fa"))[ #emph[Applying arithmetic operators] Assume that x = 7, y = 20, and z = 2. ] === Operator precedence When a calculation has multiple operators, each operator is evaluated in order of #strong[precedence]. Ex: 1 + 2 \* 3 is 7 because multiplication takes precedence over addition. However, (1 + 2) \* 3 is 9 because parentheses take precedence over multiplication. #figure(table( columns: 4, align: left, inset: 6pt, table.header([Operator], [Description], [Example], [Result]), [], [Parentheses], [(1 + 2) \* 3], [9], [\*\*], [Exponentiation], [2 \*\* 4], [16], [+, -], [Positive, negative], [-math.pi], [-3.14159], [\*, /], [Multiplication, division], [2 \* 3], [6], [+, -], [Addition, subtraction], [1 + 2], [3], )) #notebox("Note", rgb("#8a94a6"), rgb("#556666"), rgb("#f7f8fa"))[ #emph[Order of operations in an arithmetic expression] #link("https://www.openstax.org/r/order-of-operations")[Order of operations in an arithmetic expression; ch 1, video 10] ] #notebox("Note", rgb("#8a94a6"), rgb("#556666"), rgb("#f7f8fa"))[ #emph[Multiple arithmetic operators] ] #notebox("Note", rgb("#8a94a6"), rgb("#556666"), rgb("#f7f8fa"))[ #emph[Values and types] Write a Python computer program that: + Defines an integer variable named 'int\_a' and assigns 'int\_a' with the value 10. + Defines a floating-point variable named 'float\_a' and assigns 'float\_a' with the value 10.0. + Defines a string variable named 'string\_a' and assigns 'string\_a' with the string value "10". + Prints the value of each of the three variables along with their type. ] #notebox("Note", rgb("#8a94a6"), rgb("#556666"), rgb("#f7f8fa"))[ #emph[Meters to feet] Write a Python computer program that: + Assigns the integer value 10 to a variable, meters. + Assigns the floating-point value 3.28 to a variable, meter2feet. + Calculates 10 meters in feet by multiplying meter by meter2feet. Store the result in a variable, feet. + Prints the content of variable feet in the output. ]